Teaching Stories, part 28: Exploring the Parallels Between Midewiwin and Freemasonry

zhaawano
Jul 7
6 min read

Updated: Jul 8

Midewiwin and the Road to Spiritual Decolonization Painting by Zhaawano Giizhik

Lately, readers have asked me if there could be any impact of Freemasonry on the Midewiwin, the Society of Healers and Thinkers among the Anishinaabeg Peoples. The term Midewiwin literally translates to "Being in a State of Mystically Powerful."

It is known that many 19th-century Mideg (members of the Midewiwin) were also connected with Christian churches. In addition to Christian influences, Mide rituals included elements from Scottish Freemasonry, which introduced a vertical structure and a more patriarchal view into Midewiwin concerning society and the world. This paradigm shift, along with the changed spirituality of communities that have lived alongside Christian traditions for centuries, has been and continues to be essential in shaping noongom-anishinaabe-izhinamowin (the modern-traditional worldview of Anishinaabeg peoples).

To what extent exactly Turtle Island Midewiwin is influenced by European Freemasonry is difficult to determine, but what I do know is that, despite having completely distinct origins and cultural contexts, Freemasonry and Midewiwin share significant similarities in their structure, initiation processes, and emphasis on symbolism. Both organizations operate under a hierarchical system of degrees or membership levels, with initiations that involve rituals, oaths, and teachings. Furthermore, both Freemasonry and the Midewiwin employ symbolic language and rituals to convey moral and spiritual lessons, although the specific content and interpretations differ.

Let's take a detailed look at the similarities:

1. Structure Hierarchy

Freemasonry:

Freemasonry is structured into three symbolic degrees: Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason. Individuals advance through these degrees by participating in initiatory rituals that include symbolic teachings, oaths, and evaluations.

Midewiwin:

The Midewiwin includes a structured hierarchy where members progress through different levels or stages, known as Makomiikana, "the Bear Path." Advancing through these eight stages requires participation in ceremonies, receiving teachings, and assessments of knowledge and spiritual understanding.

Similarities:

Both systems require members to progress through various levels, necessitating initiations and demonstrations of knowledge and dedication to move forward.

2. Initiation process

Joining Freemasonry does not require an invitation. Traditionally, Freemasons do not actively recruit new members; instead, those who wish to join are expected to reach out to a lodge on their own. It is typically up to the individual to show interest in becoming a Freemason and to find a lodge to join.

Membership in the Midewiwin society typically requires an invitation. Current members seek out individuals in the community who exhibit wisdom and strong character, and they then invite them to become members.

Here's a more detailed explanation:

Selection by Existing Members:

Members of the Midewiwin lodge actively look for individuals in the community who demonstrate qualities such as wisdom and good character.

Formal Invitation:

After being identified, these individuals receive a formal invitation to become members of the society.

Acceptance and Initiation:

Upon accepting the invitation, the person undergoes a thorough initiation process that involves learning various songs, ceremonies, and rituals.

Not Open Application:

Individuals cannot just apply to join the Midewiwin, unlike with some other organizations.

3. Symbolic Language and Ritual

Freemasonry:

Freemasonry utilizes a rich array of symbols, including the square and compass, the gavel, the working tools of a stonemason, and allegorical figures, to convey moral and spiritual lessons.

Midewiwin:

The Midewiwin also employs symbolic language and rituals, including sacred songs, dances, and the use of sacred objects like mide-wiigwaasag (the sacred birchbark scrolls), to convey teachings about the natural world, the spirit world, and the path to spiritual well-being.

Similarities:

Both organizations use symbolic language and rituals to impart complex ideas and moral principles, creating a shared experience and understanding among their members.

4. Secrecy and Esoteric Knowledge

Freemasonry:

Freemasonry is known for its secretive nature concerning its rituals and teachings, with certain knowledge and practices disclosed only to those who have reached specific degrees.

Midewiwin:

Although the Midewiwin is not as explicitly secretive as Freemasonry, some elements of its teachings and healing practices are regarded as sacred and are not commonly disclosed outside the society.

Similarities:

Both organizations highlight the significance of confidentiality and the safeguarding of knowledge within their structures, fostering a sense of mystery and exclusivity.

5. Emphasis on Moral and Spiritual Development

Freemasonry:

Freemasonry focuses on moral growth, philanthropy, and adherence to the laws of the country.

Midewiwin:

The Midewiwin emphasizes living in harmony with nature, honoring all living creatures, and seeking mino-bimaadiziwin: spiritual balance and well-being.

Similarities:

Both systems motivate their members to pursue personal development and ethical behavior, though they differ in interpretations and methods.

6. Gender participation

Freemasonry began in Scotland and England as part of a wider cultural movement of male-only societies. This historical background helps explain why some Masonic organizations still maintain male-only membership.

Traditionally, Freemasonry has been predominantly male-oriented, but there are also women-only Masonic organizations and mixed-gender Masonic groups. However, these are not acknowledged by all mainstream Masonic bodies.

Midewiwin, on the other hand, which originated with Algonkin-speaking people in the Great Lakes area or possibly the northeastern part of Turtle Island (North America), has never been strictly for men. While the term "medicine man" is sometimes used in reference to the society, Midewiwin is open to both men and women. It is a society where both genders can be initiated and participate in its ceremonies and teachings.

Here's why the term "medicine man" can be misleading and why Midewiwin is inclusive:

Midewiwin is a broader concept:

It refers to a state of being, a spiritual path, rather than solely a male role.

Both male and female practitioners exist:

Male members are referred to as Midewinini, while female members are known as Midewikwe. In plural form, they are Midewininiwag and Midewikwewag, respectively.

Inclusivity is a core principle:

The society was founded to offer healing and supernatural assistance to the whole community, including both men and women.

Ceremonies and teachings are shared:

Like men, women can be initiated into the society, learn its practices, and take part in its ceremonies.

7. Historical Context and Debate

19th Century Influence:
Some scholars suggest that the Midewiwin, particularly in its later forms, may have been influenced by European Freemasonry and Christian teachings, particularly during the 19th century.
Jesuit Influence:
Some critics argue that Jesuit missionaries may have played a role in shaping the structure and rituals of the Midewiwin, possibly drawing from their understanding of Masonic traditions.
Indigenous Perspectives:
It is important to note that many Indigenous people view the Midewiwin as an ancient and distinct spiritual practice with its own unique origins and significance.
"Jesuitized" and "New Age" Influences:
Some within the Anishinaabe community express concerns about the potential impact of European and New Age influences on the Midewiwin, leading to debates about authenticity and tradition. Also see: Is Midewiwin a Cult?

In Conclusion: While the Midewiwin and Freemasonry have distinct origins and cultural contexts, they share intriguing similarities in their structures, initiatory processes, and use of symbolism and ritual to convey moral and spiritual teachings. These parallels suggest a fascinating interplay between different cultural expressions of spirituality and personal development.

For further reading, see: Teachings From the Tree of Life, part 29: The Truth of Decolonization - Why We Must Nurture Our Language Roots